Born on June 2, 1731, Martha Dandridge grew up in a prominent family in New Kent County, Virginia. Early on, she developed a love for reading and writing, immersing herself in various forms of literature like novels, magazines, and scripture. Being part of the planter class, Martha also mastered the customs and manners necessary to navigate the social circles of Virginia seamlessly.
People who knew her during her time described Martha as both genuine and charming, a unique blend of understated beauty and a captivating personality that drew the attention of many potential suitors. However, it was her neighbor, Daniel Parke Custis, who captured her heart, leading to their marriage on May 15, 1750. Their union resulted in four children, but after seven years, Daniel passed away at 45, leaving Martha not only a widow but also the wealthiest woman in the Virginia colony.
Almost two years later, Martha Dandridge Custis entered matrimony with George Washington on January 6, 1759. Their relationship was mutually advantageous: Martha’s substantial wealth was complemented by her adeptness in managing the sprawling Custis estate and overseeing the enslaved families there. George’s heroism in the French and Indian War had earned him acclaim across the colonies, and his choice to transition from military service to a seat in the House of Burgesses further solidified his reputation. As time went on, a deep affection blossomed between Martha and George, nurtured by shared experiences through times of war and peace.
In an era when long-distance travel was a challenge fraught with danger, Martha undertook journeys to Cambridge, Valley Forge, Philadelphia, and Morristown to offer her unwavering support to her husband and the soldiers enduring harsh winter encampments. As the inaugural “first lady” of the nation, she established significant social and political norms, using her warmth and amiability to create a hospitable environment around the presidency. Hosting informal receptions on Friday evenings for both men and women, in contrast to the president’s more formal Tuesday gatherings exclusively for men, Martha set the stage for presidential hospitality.
Following their time in Philadelphia, George and Martha retired to Mount Vernon, dedicating their days to hosting guests, managing the estate, and caring for Martha’s grandchildren. After George’s passing in 1799, Martha chose to destroy their private correspondence, a practice not uncommon for that era. Less than three years later, she herself passed away at Mount Vernon on May 22, 1802. While only a few of their letters endure, Martha’s unwavering presence by George’s side—during the American Revolution, his presidency, and their time at Mount Vernon—sheds light on the deep mutual respect that defined them as America’s inaugural couple.